Port Number

Question: What Is a Port Number?

Answer: In computer networking, a port number is part of the addressing information used to identify the senders and receivers of messages. Port numbers are most commonly used with TCP/IP connections. Home network routers and computer software work with ports and sometimes allow you to configure port number settings. These port numbers allow different applications on the same computer to share network resources simultaneously.

Port Range Groups These are divide in 3 groups

Well known port numbers : 0 to 1023 - Only special companies like Apple QuickTime, MSN, SQL Services, Gopher Services and other prominent services have these port numbers.
 Ex :

Port Number	Description
1	TCP Port Service Multiplexer (TCPMUX)
5	Remote Job Entry (RJE)
7	ECHO
18	Message Send Protocol (MSP)
20	FTP -- Data
21	FTP -- Control
22	SSH Remote Login Protocol
23	Telnet
25	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
29	MSG ICP
37	Time
42	Host Name Server (Nameserv)
43	WhoIs
49	Login Host Protocol (Login)
53	Domain Name System (DNS)
69	Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
70	Gopher Services
79	Finger
80	HTTP
103	X.400 Standard
108	SNA Gateway Access Server
109	POP2
110	POP3
115	Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
118	SQL Services
119	Newsgroup (NNTP)
137	NetBIOS Name Service
139	NetBIOS Datagram Service
143	Interim Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)
150	NetBIOS Session Service
156	SQL Server
161	SNMP
179	Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
190	Gateway Access Control Protocol (GACP)
194	Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
197	Directory Location Service (DLS)
389	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
396	Novell Netware over IP
443	HTTPS
444	Simple Network Paging Protocol (SNPP)
445	Microsoft-DS
458	Apple QuickTime
546	DHCP Client
547	DHCP Server
563	SNEWS
569	MSN
1080	Socks

Registered ports 1024 to 49151 - ; meaning they can be registered to specific protocols by software corporations.

Dynamic or private ports : 49152 to 65536 - ; meaning that they can be used by just about anybody.

 Note : To Check Port number which use current time : in cmd run below command

    > netstat ?

 

DVD burner not recongnized after installing Windows 2008 R2

In order to burn CD/DVD’S you can do one of the following:

• Login as localsystem\administrator
• Run a 3^rd party burning utility elevated

Note: You must have the Desktop Experience pack installed to get the built in Windows ISO burning applet.

Add feature Desktop Experience Pack:

Server Manager > Add Feature > tick on Desktop Experience Pack and next and follow all process

Enable Hibernation and Sleep in Windows Server 2008 R2

  Method 1

To make hibernation unavailable, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then type cmd in the Start Search box.
2. In the search results list, right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as Administrator.
3. When you are prompted by User Account Control, click Continue.
4. At the command prompt, type powercfg.exe /hibernate off, and then press Enter.
5. Type exit, and then press Enter to close the Command Prompt window.

To make hibernation available, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then type cmd in the Start Search box.
2. In the search results list, right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as Administrator.
3. When you are prompted by User Account Control, click Continue.
4. At the command prompt, type powercfg.exe /hibernate on, and then press Enter.
5. Type exit, and then press Enter to close the Command Prompt window

 

Method 2

Simple as can be…I hope this comes in handy for those who haven’t surfed enough to figure it out yet:

• Right click on an empty area on your desktop.
• Select New>Shortcut.
• In the first box of the Create Shortcut Wizard, type

%windir%\System32\rundll32.exe powrprof.dll,SetSuspendState Standby

• Click Next
• Call the shortcut something like “Standby” (without quotes) and click Finish
• To add the finishing touch, right click on this new icon, select Properties, click the Change Icon button and select an appropriate icon.

 

 Method 3

Enable Hibernation and Sleep in Windows Server 2008 R2 when install Hyper-V Roll 

Normally when you install Hyper-V role in your server, it will disable sleep and hibernate facilities provided by Windows.

But you can avoid this by doing some alterations to Windows.

Hibernate and seep features are disabled when the Hyper-V service is started, so you can regain hibernate and sleep by changing the start parameter of the Hyper-V service (hvboot).

To change,

1. Open the registry editor by typing “regedit” in the run window.

Locate the key,

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\hvboot and then set the start value of it to 3.

Start property can hold the following values.

0	Boot (Not supported by hvboot.)
1	System
2	Auto
3	On Demand
4	Disabled

Now you will have the hibernate and sleep facilities until you start the Hyper-V services in your machine.

2. Type the following command in a command prompt window with administrative rights.

sc config hvboot start= demand

Note that there needs to be a space between the = sign and the word demand

Active Directory Snapshots with Windows Server 2008

Using Active Directory Snapshots

Snapshots are a feature of Active Directory introduced in Windows Server 2008. In order to use them you don’t have to have your domain running in Windows Server 2008 mode but you do need at least one Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller.

Snapshots are created and manipulated using the ntdsutil.exe command line utility. Once you have an Active
Directory snapshot you can export it using dsamain.exe (otherwise known as the Active Directory database mounting tool), and you can then interact with it using any Active Directory or LDAP tool. To work with Active Directory snapshots you need to be a member of either the Domain Admins or Enterprise Admins group. The process of creating an Active Directory snapshot is reasonably straightforward:

With your server booted into normal mode open a command prompt by clicking Start, type “cmd“, and press enter.

We are going to use the ntdsutil again for creating the Active Directory snapshots. The commands are:

ntdsutil
snapshot
activate instance ntds
create
quit
quit

So now that you have a snapshot of AD, how do you access the data? First we need to mount the snapshot using ntdsutil. The commands are:

ntdsutl
snapshot
list all
mount 1 — (Note: You should mount the correct snapshot you need; for this example there is only 1.)
quit
quit

Your snapshot is mounted, but how do you access the data? We need to use the dsamain command to accomplish this. Then we need to select an LDAP port to use. The command is as follows:

dsamain –dbpath c:\$SNAP_200905141444_VOLUMEC$\WINDOWS\NTDS\ntds.dit –ldapport 10001

The result should look like this:


Now we need to go to Start, Administrative Tools, then Active Directory Users and Computers.
Right click Active Directory Users and Computers and select Change Domain Controller.


In the area that says < Type a Directory Server name [:port] here > enter the name of your server and the LDAP port you used when running the dsamain command.
For my example it would be: WIN-V22UWGW0LU8.HOME.LOCAL:10001

Now you can browse the snapshot of Active Directory without affecting anything else negatively.

How to Backup and Restore Active Directory on Server 2008

Prerequisites: Getting Server 2008 Ready for Backup

Before you can backup Server 2008 you need to install the backup features from the Server Manager.

1. To install the backup features click Start → Server Manager.


2. Next click Features → Add Features


3. Scroll to the bottom and select both the Windows Server Backup and the Command Line Tools


4. Click Next, then click Install

Backing up Server 2008 Active Directory

Now that we have the backup features installed we need to backup Active Directory. You could do a complete server backup, but what if you need to do an authoritative restore of Active Directory?
As you’ll notice in Server 2008, there isn’t an option to backup the System State data through the normal backup utility.


So what do we do? We need to go “command line” to backup Active Directory.
1. Open up your command prompt by clicking Start and type “cmd” and hit enter.
2. In your command prompt type “wbadmin start systemstatebackup -backuptarget:e:” and press enter.
Note: You can use a different backup target of your choosing
3. Type “y” and press enter to start the backup process.


When the backup is finished running you should get a message that the backup completed successfully. If it did not complete properly you will need to troubleshoot.

Now you have a system state backup of your 2008 Server!

Authoritative Restore of Active Directory

So now what if you accidentally delete an OU, group, or a user account and it’s already replicated to your other servers? We will need to perform an authoritative restore of the Active Directory object you accidentally deleted.
1. To do this you will need to boot into DSRM (Directory Services Restore Mode) by restarting your server and pressing F8 during the restart.
2.Choose Directory Services Restore Mode from the Advanced Boot menu.

3. Login to your server with your DSRM password you created during Active Directory installation.
4. Once you’re logged into your server and in DSRM safe mode, open a command prompt by clicking Start, type “cmd“, and press enter.
5. To make sure you restore the correct backup it’s a good idea to use the “wbadmin get versions” command and write down the version you need to use.

6. Now we need to perform a non-authoritative restore of Active Directory by typing “wbadmin start systemstaterecovery -version:04/14/2009-02:39“.
Note: The version of backup will vary depending on your situation. Type “y” and press enter to start the non authoritative restore.
7. Go grab some coffee and take a break while the restore completes.

8. You can mark the sysvol as authoritative by adding the –authsysvol switch to the end of the wbadmin command.

9. But if you want to restore a specific Active Directory object then you can use the ever familiar ntdsutil.
For this example we are going to restore a user account with a distinguished name of CN=Test User,CN=Users,DC=home,DC=local. So the commands would be:

ntdsutil
activate instance ntds
authoritative restore
restore object “cn=Test User,cn=Users,dc=home,dc=local”

Note: The quotes are required

10. Reboot your server into normal mode and you’re finished. The object will be marked as authoritative and replicate to the rest of your domain.

How can I Create a Windows 7 Password Reset Disk

Insert the portable media you will use to create a password reset disk on into the computer. This means that you will need a flash drive or a floppy disk drive and blank floppy disk.

2

Open up Control Panel. Click on Start and then Control Panel in Windows 7.

3

Click on the User Accounts and Family Safety link.Note: If you're viewing the Large icons or Small icons view of Control Panel, you won't see this link.

4

Select the Create a password reset disk link in the task pane on the left.

5

Click next when the Forgotten Password Wizard window appears.

6

Select the drive where your portable media drive is to create a Windows 7 password reset disk on.

7

Click Next to continue.

8

Enter your current account password in the text box and click Next.

9

Relax while Windows 7 creates the password reset disk on your chosen media.

10

Click Next when the progress indicator shows 100% complete, and then click Finish in the next window.

 

Using a Password Reset Disk

If you ever forget and type in an incorrect password, the login screen will change and an error message will appear like the one shown in Figure E. To continue, you will have to click OK.

At this point, the only thing you can do is click OK.

You'll then return to the login screen and will see a message appear below the Password box, as shown in Figure F. At this point, you'll insert your USB Flash Drive and wait for it to be initialized and assigned a drive letter. Then, to launch the Password Reset Wizard, you'll click the Reset Password message.




To launch the Password Reset Wizard, you'll click the Reset Password message.
When you see the Password Reset Wizard's Welcome screen, take a look at the information and click Next. In the next screen, you'll be prompted to choose your USB Flash Drive's drive letter, as shown in Figure G. To continue, just click Next

Choose the drive letter assigned to your USB Flash Drive.

Once you select the drive, the Password Reset Wizard will open the saved file, read your saved password, and perform a few operations in the background. The wizard will then prompt you to create a new password, confirm it, as well as create a new hint, as shown in

You'll need to create a new password, confirm it, and create a new hint.

Once you've filled in the text boxes, click Next. You'll then see the success screen and will need to click Finish to complete the operation. You can now use the new password to log on to your Windows 7 system.

Note

As soon as you use the Password Reset Wizard to change your password, the information in the password reset file on the USB Flash Drive will be outdated. Therefore, as soon as you log back in to Windows, you should run the Forgotten Password Wizard again and create a new password reset file.

How to map a share folder

MAP Folder

            We use a folder such as a drive.

STEP-1

            Create a folder share folder

STEP-2

R/c on my Computer → Map Network drive → Brows → Select any folder (Which you Mount) → ok

how to install active directory in windows server 2008

Install Active Directory Domain Services

Requirement:

Minimum: Single processor with 1.4 GHz (x64 processor) or 1.3GHz (Dual Core

Minimum: 512 MB RAM

Minimum: 32 GB or greater

The first step is to assign a ip to the server that you going to deploy the AD. Its nessary to install it as DNS server too. So its better to have fixed ip it doesn't mean you cannot install AD without fixed ip address but it will solve lot of issues if you used fixed ip.

In here the server ip is 10.0.0.14. Since we going to make it as DNS server too you should use the same ip as the preferred DNS server.

• Next step is to install the Active directory roles. Unlikely the older version of windows servers Microsoft highly recommend to use server manager option to install roles before you run dcpromo.

• Click on start menu and select the Server Manager

• Select the roles from the right hand panel and click on add roles option.

• From the roles list select the "Active Directory Domain Services" role and Click "Next"

• Review the confirmation and click on "Next"

• Review the installation confirmation and click on "Next"

• It will take few minutes to complete and when its done you will get this confirmation. And then click on "Close"

After that you will need to do a reboot.

• After reboot please open up the "server Manager" again. And then click on "Roles" there you will see the "Active Directory Domain Services" is successfully installed in there. click on it then you will get a window like below.
  
  
  
  
  
  In their please pay attention to the message
  
  
  
  
  
  So please click on that link and it will start the DCPROMO wizard.
  
  
• So next step to go through the DC promo wizard.
• To start the installation click on "Next"

• Click on "Next"

• Since we going to install New domain Controller in new forest please select the option "Create a new domain in new forest" option and click on "Next"

• Now we have to provide the name for our domain controller. It must be FQDN. In our case I used rebeladmin.com as the domain. Please click "Next" after it.

• In this window it will ask to select forest function level. If you going to add server 2003 domain controller to your forest later don't select the function level as server 2008. If you going to use full features of 2008 Ad you must select forest function level as server 2008. In my case I used server 2008. Click on "Next" after the select.

• In next window since it's the first DC we should make it as DNS server too. Leave the default selection and click on "Next"

• If the wizard cannot create a delegation for the DNS server, it displays a message to indicate that you can create the delegation manually. To continue, click "Yes"

• In next window it will show up the database location. It its going to be bigger AD its good if you can keep NTDS database in different partition. Click on "Next" after changes.

• In next window its asking to define a restore mode password. Its more important if you had to do a restore from backup in a server crash. Click on "Next" after filling it.

• Next window is giving you a brief of the installation. Click on "Next"

• Then it will start the installation of the AD. It will take some time to complete. After complete of the installation perform a server reboot.

• After the reboot now you can login to the domain. Please use the login as following example

User name : your domain\administrator

Password : XXXXXXXX

• Now its done and you can view the active directory options on administrative tools menu

Hope this tutorial is clear for you guys. If any question please ask me on